The main anammox-based processes, the involved microbes and the novel process concept from the application perspective

Abstract Anammox technology has been widely researched over the past 40-year from laboratory-scale to full-scale. It is well-known that in actual applications, solo application of anammox not feasible. Since both ammonium and nitrite are prerequisites based on reaction mechanism, pre-treatment wastewater necessary. With combination process other processes treat wastewater, many types anammox-based have developed with distinct nitrogen removal performance. Thus, order heighten awareness researchers developments accelerate these treatment main reviewed this paper. includes partial nitritation/anammox process, denitratation/anammox (PD/A) denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation/anammox (DAMO/A) more complex deuterogenic processes. These made breakthroughs technology, such as nitrification PD/A can achieve stability reliability mainstream DAMO/A brought about further improvements total efficiency wastewater. The diversity functional microbe characteristics under specific condition indicate wide potential processes, exploration A whole waste system concept proposed through effective allocation above mentioned maximum recovery energy resources, minimal environmental impact.